Corona Virus Contribution…



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As the world is facing the serious issue of Corona virus and most of the countries have imposed nationwide lock down, the number of cases of this pandemic seems unstoppable. The total number of cases of Covid-19 had surpassed 4.5 million and is inching towards 5 million mark. No body knows, when this will come to a halt. Total number of deaths due to Covid-19 is 313,759 (at the time of writing this article) and it may not be unprecedented if deaths increases in near future. It’s rare to see any country free from Corona virus pandemic at this point of time. United States had suffered the most, both in terms of number of cases and deaths. In fact, the total number of cases in US had surpassed 1.5 million and number of deaths had crossed 90,000 mark. Every country is working on in their capacity to have some cure in near future, including the vaccine.

Needless to say, be it small or big county (in terms of population), Covid-19 has compelled the world to “Stand-still, and India is no more exception. India, the 2nd largest country of the world (in terms of population), has been also hit badly due to this Corona virus pandemic. The country is in lock down for almost two months now and it may continue. Lock down 4.0 has been imposed as well and has been extended to 31st May, 2020. Due to large population and population density, the risk of community spread is very high in India, especially in major cities where population density is highest.  Mumbai has the largest number of cases in India and the city which never slept and stopped, came to halt. This is the case with all the major cities in India. Most of the services has stopped functioning in India except the essential services due to Covid-19. As of now, the total number of Covid-19 cases in India is over 91,000. The increase in number of cases in recent days is a matter to worry. The first case in India was reported on 30th January, 2020 from Kerala. There were 62 cases on 10th March and 1251 cases on 30th March. The current tally stands at 91,449 (at the time of writing this article). Let’s look at the number of cases and deaths in India.

Table: Total No of Corona Cases and deaths in India as on selective dates
Date Total No of Cases Total No of deaths
26th Feb 2020 3 0
10th Mar 2020 62 0
30th Mar 2020 1,251 32
10th Apr 2020 7,600 249
25th April 2020 26,283 825
1st May 2020 37,257 1,223
5th May 2020 49,400 1,693
10th May 2020 67,161 2,212
15th May 2020 85,784 2,753
16th May 2020 90,648 2,871
Source: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/india/

Look at the above figures carefully, the number of cases and deaths have more than doubled from 1st May to 16th May 2020. There were 4,864 new cases reported on 16th May, the highest number of cases reported in a day so far. Although, India has a good recovery rate so far as compared to other countries, due to proactive lock down and other steps taken by the government. But, the above figures are matter of concern as the total number of cases in inching towards 100,000.

Testing of Covid-19 should be also taken into consideration. As of now (at the time of writing this article), there are 22,27,642 tests have been conducted. The total number of Corona cases comes out to be 4.1% of the total tests conducted. India with over 1.3 billion population, the number of tests conducted so far is not even 0.5% of the total population. Now consider the testing conducted on at least 1% of the total population which comes out to be around 1,30,00,000 and applying the same assumption, the total number of Corona cases comes out to be around 533,000 (4.1% of 1,30,00,000 = 533,000). Similarly, if the tests are conducted for at least 10% of the country’s population, you can imagine the number of cases which comes out to be over 1 million. That’s why it is a matter of concern, considering the fact, India lacks well and proper health infrastructure.

Since this is a pandemic situation and the country had suffered and may suffer serious economic loss post the Covid-19 era. But we don’t know when this will end. As most of the economic activities had stopped, the country Gross Domestic Product (GDP) will fall drastically. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) too had predicted the same. Most of the population of India works in unorganized sector and this sector has been hit the worst. Daily wages labours have no work and they are migrating to their home-town and the saddest part is, they are losing their lives. I am amazed and saddened to hear accidents are happening in this lock down situation (God knows how and why during lock down), killing innocent people.  People are dying due to hunger and accidents. Kids are crying in front of dead bodies of their parents and our so-called intellectual leaders are leaving no stone unturned to do politics on it… Sorry to say but that’s the fact…

PC: Google

There are also information coming from many companies that they are doing salary deduction due to Covid-19 situation, be it big corporates or small companies. The salary deduction ranges from 5% to 50%. This is shocking. Employees main source of income is their salary and work from home is in practice right now, then why salary deduction? It is shocking to see that some of the big names who used to give lectures on crisis management doesn’t have enough reserves to pay their employees. It may not be shocking to see high number of lay-offs and termination during or post Corona era.

The other contribution of this Covid-19 is on Stock market. Both Nifty 50 and Sensex fell. Currently, Nifty 50 is trading below 10,000 mark and it is important to note that it touched 7600 mark on 23rd March 2020. Same is the case with Sensex. Sensex is trading below 40,000 and it was trading just below 26,000 on 23rd March 2020 and currently trading just above 30,000. Nifty 50 and Sensex are the two most important stock indexes of India, traded on National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) respectively.

To summarize, some of the Corona Virus contribution includes:

  • Pandemic situation across the country and world.
  • Large number of deaths.
  • Unorganized sector worst hit in India.
  • Economic activities stopped.
  • Daily wages labours and their families are badly affected.
  • Innocent deaths due to accidents and hunger.
  • Illogical politics.
  • Salary deductions.
  • Phase-wise lock down.
  • Stock market down.

It is hard time and we must unite to tackle this situation. Please share your views on what you think on the current Covid-19 situation and what according to you is the contribution of Covid-19 apart from what is mentioned above.

– Ashish Kumar

Insurance industry in India


 

Insurance is a part of financial services apart from banking, capital market, money market etc. Insurance is considered as a protection from events which results into financial loss. The insurance industry in India comprises of life insurance, general insurance, stand alone health insurance and reinsurance. The Indian insurance industry is guided by Insurance Act, 1938 which was amended from time to time, the latest amendment happened in 2015.

This post briefly gives an overview of insurance sector in India particularly discussing about the regulator, life insurance, general insurance, stand alone health insurance and reinsurance. The life insurance comprises of around 79% of the market, the rest 21% is occupied by general insurance. Of the general insurance, motor insurance has the highest market share of 44% followed by health insurance having market share of 29%, as per IRDAI Annual Report 2015-16. It is worth to mention that the insurance industry in India has showed a significant growth after it got opened for private sector in the year 2000. Since then, the industry is growing rapidly. In 2015, the reinsurance sector was allowed for foreign players which were solely dominated by General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC Re).  A small discussion about regulator, life insurance, stand alone health insurance and reinsurance is mentioned below.

Regulator:  Indian insurance industry is regulated by Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) which was formed by an Act of Parliament in 1999. The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) Act was passed in 1999 leading to the formation of IRDAI. IRDAI is headquartered in Hyderabad and has offices in New Delhi and Mumbai. The regulator is responsible for carrying various activities like granting license to insurance companies, framing regulations which the insurers need to follow, protecting policyholder’s interest etc. Breach of IRDAI regulations can have serious implications resulting from penalty to cancellation of license of the insurance company.

Life Insurance: At present, there are 24 life insurers in India, of which, Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) is wholly owned by the Government of India. LIC was formed in September 1956 by an Act of Parliament known as LIC Act, 1956.  Some of the private life insurers include ICICI Prudential Life Insurance, HDFC Standard Life Insurance, SBI Life Insurance etc.

General Insurance: Non-life or general insurance comprises of all kinds of insurance except life. It has various segments comprising of motor insurance, health insurance, fire insurance, marine insurance, engineering insurance, aviation insurance, satellite insurance etc. There are 33 non-life insurers operating in India consisting of public and private insurers. The public insurers include the following:

  • The New India Assurance Co Ltd. (NIACL), headquartered at Mumbai.
  • National Insurance Co Ltd. (NICL), headquartered at Kolkata.
  • Oriental Insurance Co Ltd (OIICL), headquartered at New Delhi.
  • United India Insurance Co Ltd (UIICL), headquartered at Chennai.
  • Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India (ECGC)
  • Agriculture Insurance Company of India (AIC)

ECGC and AIC are known as specialized insurers. Apart from above mentioned public sector companies, some of the private non-life insurers include ICICI Lombard, HDFC Ergo General Insurance, SBI General Insurance, IFFCO Tokio General Insurance, Tata AIG General Insurance etc.

Standalone Health Insurance: These are those companies which are solely carrying their business on health insurance. There are six stand alone health insurers like Apollo Munich Health Insurance, Star and Allied Health Insurance, Max Bupa Health Insurance, Cigna TTK Health Insurance, Religare Health Insurance and Aditya Birla Health Insurance. One of the ways to recognize the stand alone health insurers is that the stand alone health insurers will have the word “health insurance” in the name of the company as in the above mentioned six stand alone health insurers.

Reinsurance: General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC Re) is owned by the Government of India and is the national reinsurer which is headquartered at Mumbai. The reinsurance industry in India is now opened for foreign players to open their branch offices in after the Insurance Act, 1938 was amended in 2015. At present there are 9 foreign reinsurers who have opened their branch offices in India. They are mentioned below:

  • Swiss Re
  • Munich Re
  • Llyod’s India
  • Reinsurance Group f America (RGA)
  • Hannover Re
  • SCOR
  • XL Insurance Company
  • Axa France Vie
  • General Reinsurance AG

It is important to note that apart from GIC Re and the above mentioned foreign reinsurers, ITI Re is the first private Indian reinsurance company which got licensed by IRDAI. Hence the Indian reinsurers include GIC Re and ITI Re.

 

Apart from the above players, the insurance industry also comprises of various intermediaries and distribution channels like agents, brokers, Insurance Marketing Firms (IMF), Web Aggregators etc. which I will discuss in separate post.

One thing to be noted is that the insurers in India can take part in either life insurance or general insurance business and not both. This means that a life insurer cannot start their business of motor insurance, fire insurance etc and vice versa. Health insurance is the only insurance product which can be offered by both non-life and life insurers. Non-life insurers can sell separate health insurance policy while life insurers offer health insurance in the form of riders. Riders are the extra benefits which are covered by paying some extra premium. Example of riders include Accidental Death Benefit (ADB) rider, critical illness rider etc. Life  insurers cannot offer separate health insurance products.

– Ashish Kumar