Book Review – The Power of Your Subconscious Mind – Dr. Joseph Murphy

The Power of Your Subconscious Mind, written by Dr. Joseph Murphy, is one of the best books to explore. The book presents a fruitful and detailed explanation of our subconscious mind and what wonders it can do in our life.

The two spheres of mind: conscious mind and subconscious mind. Subconscious mind, also known as subjective mind, never stops functioning. Conscious mind, also known as objective mind, deals with outward objects.

The objective mind is aware of the objective world through its media of observations through five physical senses. We gain knowledge from five senses and we learn through observations, experience and education. We provide reasoning through our conscious mind.

Subconscious mind perceives by intuition. It is the storehouse of memory. It is important to understand that our subconscious mind performs its highest functions when our objective senses are not functioning. It is that intelligent that makes itself known when objective mind is suspended or in a sleepy or drowsy state.

The book provides detailed presentation of the power hidden inside our subconscious mind and how we can utilize it to make our life happy, peaceful and satisfied.

About the Author

Dr. Joseph Murphy (20 May 1898- 16 Dec 1981) was an Irish author, best known for his book: The Power of your Subconscious Mind. He became the minister of Los Angeles Divine Science Church in 1949 which became the largest New Thought congregations in the country.

Murphy was the firm advocate of New Thought Movement which was developed in late 19^th century and early 20^th century by many philosophers and thinkers. The New Thought Movement aimed to practice new way of looking at life.

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Joseph Murphy earned a PhD in Psychology from the University of California, in 1950. He started writing to share his broad knowledge among the public. He wrote more than 30 books which includes:

• The Power of Your Subconscious Mind (1963)
• Within You is the Power (1977)
• Why this happen to me? (1962)
• Infinite Power for Richer Living (1969)

The Power of Your Subconscious Mind, published in 1963 became the immediate bestseller. Millions of copies the said book has been sold.

About the Book

The book is a good read as it has the power to change the way of thinking. We all pray to God for our betterment, and we often get opposite to what we prayed for. Dr Murphy advocates for Scientific prayer which is the harmonious interaction of conscious and subconscious levels of mind scientifically directed towards a specific purpose. The book teaches the scientific way to feel and experience the infinite power within us.

In the word of Dr. Murphy, “Prayers are answered when the individual’s subconscious mind responds to the mental picture or thought in his or her mind. This law of belief is the secret operating principle in all the religions of the world. The law of life is the law of belief.” There are various thoughts running in our mind, feelings and our understanding of the thoughts. We need to believe in our thoughts and direct our mind in the direction which should gives us good health, happiness, peace of mind etc. One should understand what he is doing and why he is doing. The main reason of unhappiness is the way we think and redirect our mind.

The subconscious mind is a secret power which one need to explore. Subconscious mind never sleeps. Even when we sleep, it is the subconscious mind necessary for our heart beat, respiration, digestion, circulation etc. Answers to all the problems lies inside subconscious mind.

The subconscious mind power can be understood by the below excerpt from the book:

Your subconscious mind is the seat of your emotions. It is the creative mind. If you think good, good will follow; if you think evil, evil will follow. Once the subconscious mind accepts an idea, it begins to execute it.

In simple words, what we think follows us back. It is up to us what to think: positive or negative, good or bad. The reaction which we get from the subconscious mind will be determined by the nature of thought we hold in our conscious mind.

We need to understand that our conscious mind is the reasoning mind that allows us to choose. We take decisions from our conscious mind. Our subconscious mind is not involved in the reasoning portion or conscious choice to pick. Subconscious mind is not involved in the reasoning of good or bad, true or false. Once we take any decisions or when we choose, our subconscious mind executes it.

An interesting discussion on autosuggestion and heterosuggestion is provided by the author. Autosuggestion means suggesting something definite and specific to oneself. It is extremely helpful if used properly. It can be positive and negative. Overcoming negative autosuggestion with positive autosuggestion is fruitful for optimistic results. One should autosuggest himself to be good, polite, humble rather than autosuggesting of being fearful, rude, vanity etc. Fear, negative autosuggestion, is the most important factor of not getting succeeded which can be overcome by confidence of “I can do it”, which is a positive autosuggestion.

When we get suggestions from another person, it is heterosuggestion. Suggestions can be used to be disciplined and to take control. We are bombarded with suggestions since our birth and most of them are negative suggestions like you can’t do it, you will fail, you are wrong etc. When grow and become adults, we have the ability to make choices. Destructive heterosuggestions shall be ignored and ruled out, as we have the option to choose. We should filter out what needs to be accepted as a suggestion. The suggestions of others have no power over you. Whatever power they have, they gain because you give it to them through your own thoughts.

Remember, you have the capacity to choose. Choose life! Choose love! Choose health!

The book covers various aspects of subconscious mind and its wonders in 20 chapters. Each chapter provides illustrations from real life which substantiates the power of subconscious mind. Dr. Murphy had beautifully elaborated our thought process which is generally negative and our subconscious mind is the perfect solution to our thoughts and will.

The subconscious mind is filled with infinite intelligence and boundless wisdom. One need to explore this and life will be different. The frustrations which we have in our life is due to the unfulfilled desires. If we continue to think negatively, our life will be full of such negativity and happiness will fade away resulting in heart trouble, tensions and anxieties. Dr. Murphy emphasise on our power to choose. We should choose wisely.

The book focusses a lot on our belief. If we believe and accept as true the fact our desire has already been accomplished and fulfilled, that it is already completed, then its realization will follow as a thing in the future. Most of the problems in life are due to our belief which goes in hypothetical direction. Most of the disease originate in the mind. Nothing appears on the body unless there is a mental pattern corresponding to it.

The instinct of self-preservation is the first law of nature, and self-preservation is the foremost function of the subconscious mind. Your strongest instinct is the most potent of all autosuggestion.

Being rich is a fundamental right, as per Dr. Murphy. There should be right attitude towards money as there is no virtue in poverty. As per the author, poverty is an illness. Read the book for this discussion.

Remember that you lose what you condemn. You cannot attract what you criticise.

The above excerpt is deep. Many people have tendency to criticise money and wealth what other possess. Since there mind is constantly criticising money, they will have trouble in earning the same and their financial condition will remain as it is. As one cannot attract what one criticize.

The book covers many real life problems which we come across in our life at various stages. Very well explains how those problems can be overcome by our subconscious mind. Our subconscious mind is our partner in success, eradicates fear, solves marital problems and many more. The ultimate success in life is the peace of mind which we can achieve by our subconscious mind. Our happiness, relationships, mental peace and happiness etc. can be achieved if we explore our subconscious mind.

The book has several powerful and inspirational extracts which can give an everlasting impact to readers. Some of the excerpts are worth to mention:

• When you want wisdom as much as you wanted air when you were submerged in water, you will receive it.
• You have freedom to choose. You can choose a good habit or a bad habit. Prayer is a good habit.
• The only obstacle to your success and achievement is your own thought or mental image.
• To form a new habit, you must be convinced that it is desirable. When your desire to give up the bad habit is greater than your desire to continue, you are already 51% healed.
• Most of your fears have no reality. They are merely a conglomeration of sinister shadows, and shadows have no reality.
• If you become convinced you are finished, your subconscious mind will accept that belief and bring it into reality. Some people are old at thirty and some are young at eighty.

In a nutshell, the book is powerful and impressive and, at the same time, provides a good knowledge of the wonders that subconscious mind can do. It depends on what we think. If we think good, good will follow. If we think evil, evil will follow. If one thinks he can’t do it, he won’t. if one thinks he cannot succeed, he won’t succeed. It is our own thinking responsible for our happiness, success and peace of mind. We always have the options to choose, choose it wisely.

–Ashish Kumar

Book Review – Eclectic Verses – Radhika Puttige

Life is a mix of many things, particularly thoughts and emotions which we feel in our day to day life. Good, bad, happy, sad, peace, nervous, jealous etc. we all have encountered with these feelings in life. In fact, life is broad and diverge in terms of our journey and our feelings. These broadness and divergence are beautifully captured poetically in a book titled “Eclectic Verses”, written by Radhika Puttige. The book gives a beautiful poetic presentation of various thoughts of life which is a mix of various emotions.

About the Author

Radhika Puttige had spent a decade as a teacher and now utilizing her time in creative work including writing. Eclectic Verses is her debut book as an author. She has presented the aspects of life in the form of haiku and poems in her debut book.

It is of paramount importance to mention that the author is a well-known blogger. Yes, she is the blogger at https://radhikasreflection.wordpress.com/  She is a brilliant writer and the master of writing haikus and poems. Many congratulations for publishing her collections of haikus and poems. 😊  Do visit her blog for amazing writings.

About the Book

Eclectic Verses is a collection of haikus and poems, 125 in total. The author had segregated various aspects of life in this book like emotions, present world, silence etc. Various emotional ripples which one experiences in life are presented in well crafted haikus and poems. So is the case with others. She had touched all the genre in this book. Anger, betrayal, motivational, nature loving, resilience, success, failure, karma, solitude etc. are presented beautifully in the form of haikus and poems.

My body breathes
But my soul is buried deep.

The book is full of such powerful excerpts which makes it an interesting and pleasant read. The author had brilliantly raised the present-day problem of addiction to social media in one of the poems titled “Disconnect”. An extract from that poem need a worth mention.

Thousands of friends on social media
Yet, not a single real one
***
Toxic social media eroded deep into lives
Today, humanity is tangled by wires of technology
Connected virtually, but disconnected in person.

The above excerpt is self-explanatory and such kind of verses in the book makes it a wonderful read. The best part of the book is the haikus and poems can be easily related to the readers. This is one of the most important reason to give it a read.

In one of the haikus, the author had described brilliantly the irony of life.

Irony of life
Battle of past and future
Present forgotten

Read the book for such beautiful verses and enjoy. Being a poetess, the author had dedicated a poem on poetry. She writes various phases of writing a poem, from thought generation to crafting words, editing and finalizing it. One should read the book to get a glimpse of such kind of literary pieces.

Eclectic Verses

The author had smartly raised few of the social issues including women empowerment and terrorism in poetic manner. She had also touched the issue of true and fake people or better to say, people masking their face to appear true. There are many haikus and poems describing natures beauty and the pleasant feeling of experiencing the same.

The author had also provided the sense of spirituality in her debut book. Prayer, meditation, nirvana, karma etc. she presents all such aspects in lucid manner. A haiku on solitude is a worth mention.

Solitary self
Under the blue parasol
Feels blissful moments

In a nutshell, Radhika Puttige had given a very ‘”good read” book on poems and haikus which should be considered to have a read, for all poems and haikus lover. Easily related poem, touching various emotions, natural beauty, spirituality, present world, and the problems etc. all are provided poetically. A very good book to read with various genre in one go.

-Ashish Kumar

Book Review – When Bad Things Happen to Good People – Harold S. Kushner

Life is full of good and bad moments. We desire to be happy but sometimes few tragedies hurt us a lot. Life offers both pain and pleasure. When bad incidents happen and that too at a sudden, we are ruined from inside. Often there are many of us who might have done good to many but have faced bad moments. When we are good, we expect life to be good to us but when life hurt us despite of being good in life, few questions come in our mind: Why this happened to me and Why bad things happen to good people? In the classis book titled “When Bad Things Happen to Good People”, the author, Harold S. Kushner provides some good insights about the general feeling of humans and also tries to figure out the answer to the above questions.

The Background: Harold Kushner wrote this book dedicated to his son, Aaron who was detected with the disease “Progeria”, rapid aging. Aaron was only three years old when he was diagnosed with Progeria and would maximum continue till his early teens. Aaron died two days after his 14^th birthday. Kushner was a rabbi, and it was very difficult for him to digest this incident of knowing his son would die at early teens due to a rare disease, Progeria. All his life, Kushner did good, helped many people and was always ready to any social cause. The untimely demise of his son made him to think on the notion of God, whether this was the punishment given by God to good people and that too in the form of his son’s death. The author had brilliantly provided very argumentative analysis about God and his notions that most of us perceive. The choice of good and bad and whether it is the God who is responsible for all the happenings in this world including happening of bad things to good people. This makes the book a very interesting read.

About the Author

Harold Samuel Kushner is a prominent rabbi and author. Born on 3^rd April 1935 in Brooklyn, New York, he graduated from Columbia University and have received six honorary doctorates. He is best known for his books, When Bad Things Happen to Good People (1981) and When All You’ve Ever Wanted Isn’t Enough (1986).

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When Bad Things Happen to Good People is his best-selling book which he wrote following the premature death of his son, Aaron due to Progeria.  In 2007, Harold Kushner was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award by Jewish Book Council.

About the Book

When Bad Things Happen to Good People was published in 1981. As mentioned earlier, Kushner wrote this book in memory of his son, Aaron. The book is a very good read which deals about human sufferings, God, Omnipotence and theodicy.

Throughout the book, the author has raised many questions about God and why bad things happen to good people. When good people suffer any turmoil which makes their life difficult to live, people starts asking below questions:

• Why did this happen to me?
• Do I deserve to be treated like this?
• Is this a kind of punishment that God offers to his followers?
• What did I do that I deserve this?
• How God can be so cruel to give punishment to innocent people, for wrongdoing of others?

The book provides a very good discussion on the above questions. The initial chapters will make readers to think that what we have been taught about God and his doings including running of this universe will seems to be only an attractive answer. The author had brilliantly provided argumentative analysis about God and his limitations. Reader may think about the general perceived notion of “what we get is what we deserve”, if it is really the case.

The idea that God gives people what they deserve, that our misdeeds cause or misfortune, is neat and attractive solution of problem of evil at several levels, but it has a number of serious limitations. It teaches people to blame themselves. It creates guilt even when there is no basis for guilt. It makes people to hate God, even as it makes them hate themselves. And most disturbing of all, it does not even fit the facts.

There is good discussion on the sufferings of righteous person and a wicked person. There are so many examples from author’s life journey where he has given a good insights about the sufferings of many like, parents losing their children, living with multiple sclerosis, accidents, retarded children etc. It might be true that sometimes we have to do painful things to people we love for their benefit, but not every painful thing that happens to us is beneficial.

The author has provided a good argument on why God will create sufferings to the people in order to learn compassion and gratitude? Why should God distort someone else’s life to such a degree in order to enhance our spiritual sensitivity? Such kind of questions and arguments provided in response to those questions makes this book a beautiful read.

There are few incidents which happens accidently and blaming God for those is not a good thing, as per the author. According to Kushner, the accidents, plane crash, train accidents, falling off a bridge etc. are not the punishments provided by God. If that is so, then this mean God is selective. He is selective because if the plane crashed and killed many passengers and few only got injured and few got minor injuries, the outcome is not uniform and what about those passengers who missed the flight? So the person who missed the flight should thank God for not boarding the flight because his life was safe? And what about those who boarded the flight on time? Such kind of examples and arguments will make you think for a while, after reading the book. God is not selective, sometimes there is no reason. These events do not reflect God’s choices. They happen at random, and randomness is another name of chaos.

God has made this universe and the law of nature is uniform and there is no discrepancy in it. One of the things that makes the world livable is the fact that the laws of nature are precise and reliable and always work the same way. Everything has some pros and cons, and this has been discussed so well in this book. We cannot live without gravity but at the same need to live with its dangers. Harold Kushner provides answer to the cause of bad things happening to good people. God is the creature of universe and law of nature which is uniform, and God does not reach down to interrupt the workings of laws of nature to protect the righteous from harm: this is an area which causes bad things to happen to good people and God does not cause it and cannot stop it. One should read the book for such interesting discussion.

Often it is said that it is the environment, upbringing and people suffering which makes them cruel and futile. Some becomes criminal and some kills many innocent people. People become like that because they are the victims of circumstances. Kushner had provided a very crucial point on this notion in the below excerpt:

To say of Hitler, to say of any criminal, that he did not choose to be bad but was a victim of his upbringing, is to make all morality, all discussion of right and wrong, impossible. It leaves unanswered the question of why people in similar circumstances did not all become Hitlers. But worse, to say “It is not his fault, he was not free to choose” is to rob a person of his humanity, and reduce him to the level of an animal who is similarly not free to choose between right and wrong.

Why people in similar circumstances did not all become Hitlers? An unanswered question. Read the book for more such mind blogging discussions. The author has given a good insights on sufferings in the book and he recommends not to compound the damage which one got because of sufferings by hurting oneself one more time or several times.

Instead of asking the questions, “why this happened to me? What did I do to deserve this?” The better question would be, “Now this has happened to me, what am I going to do about it?”

As mentioned earlier, the initial chapters would make readers to question about God and what he does to us in the form of sufferings and punishments. But the concluding chapters takes the readers to know about God and what religion should be. This journey has been presented beautifully by Harold Kushner in this book. The book is a journey from asking the question, “Why this happened to me? “ to asking the question , “Now this has happened to me, what am I going to do about it?”

A good book which deserves to be read, if not read so far.

-Ashish Kumar

Book Review – FEELINGS – Sunita Nanda

Feelings are part of life. Every moment, we feel something. Sometimes good or sometimes bad. Sorrow, grief, pain, bliss, happiness etc. our life cannot be imagined without feelings and emotions. If someone praises, we feel happy and if we are scolded or criticized, we feel sad. Our heart is delicate when comes to feel the moment. Author Sunita Nanda brings about these moments in her book, FEELINGS. The book brings about feelings of a girl after shifting to a metro city, voice of an introvert soul to today’s world explained poetically.

About the Author

Sunita Nanda is an IT professional. Apart from working on software, she is a very good writer as well. Her writings are too good to read. In simple language, she makes to feel what she writes. Her writing can be easy relatable.

She is a well-known blogger as well. Popularly known as Soni Cool in blogging world. 😊  Do check her blog for good writing stuffs. She can be found at https://sonibindaas571181659.wordpress.com/

I would like to congratulate the blogger turned author, for getting her work published. Many congratulations. 😊

About the Book

FEELINGS is all about what we feel during various situations. Frustration, happiness, agony, sorrow, bliss, grief etc. are different kinds of feelings which we often experience. The book has 25 poems and two short stories.

The poems have mix of emotions and the state of mind of a girl at various situations. She has smartly raised few questions on society perception and orthodox thinking, about girls. Being a girl, what society has presumed and how it has an impact on the way of thinking can be easily felt while reading the poems.

The poems presented has motivational and optimistic touch as well. She has captured various feelings beautifully in well-crafted poems which are easily relatable. There are situations in life wherein we are in dilemma of what to chose and what to avoid, which she has penned beautifully in one of her poems.

There are two short stories in the book, apart from 25 poems. The short story is based on the feeling of a homesick girl when she has to leave her parents for pursuing higher studies. The feeling of night life of a girl who never went out of her house after 7 pm, is a good read. An interesting read.

In a nutshell, she has provided a good “reading” feeling through her book, FEELINGS. Do read the book for beautiful poems and cute short stories and share your feedback.

–Ashish Kumar

Book Review – Man’s Search for Meaning – Dr Viktor E. Frankl

Life is a wonderful journey of ups and downs, happy and sad moments, good and bad experience etc. The meaning of life is found when one identifies his purpose which is of course, subjective. How to find that meaning? The classic book written by Dr Viktor E. Frankl gives the answer. This book provides a different way to life and has the power to change the perspective towards life. Before going to the review, it is important to understand the background of this book.

The Background: This book revolves around the three years’ experience of Viktor Frankl during World War II. During World War II, he had to spent three years in various concentration camps like Auschwitz, Dachau and other concentration camps. As the book says, it is the classic tribute to “hope” from the Holocaust. Holocaust was the genocide of Jews by Nazi Germany during World War II. Around six million Jews were murdered or killed by the Nazi Germany in the German occupied Europe during those years. Auschwitz camp was the dominant symbol of holocaust. As a holocaust survivor, Viktor Frankl wrote memoirs of his experiences in this book. Surviving from the holocaust and developing the “logotherapy” technique, Viktor Frankl journey is commendable. The book contains a dedicated chapter on logotherapy.

In order to understand why the book is a tribute to “hope”, one can understand the experience of a man who spent three years in various concentration camps wherein death was common punishment for prisoners. There are several incidents mentioned in the book how people were carried to gas chambers and killed. Prisoners in concentration camps were having no hope whether they will see the outside world or not. This book is about survival and a man can survive when he had some reasons to survive. If there is no reason to survive, there is no reason for existence which creates what is known as “apathy”. Every prisoner suffered a lot, and these sufferings were the motives for many to commit suicides apart from normal killings. Suicides happened due to lack of hope.

It is important to note that this book was written in 9 successive days, as mentioned in the Preface.  

About the Author

Dr Viktor E. Frankl (1905-1997), born in Vienna (Austria) was the founder of logotherapy. He was the author, psychiatrist, neurologist and a holocaust survivor.  He was Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry at the University of Vienna Medical School. He was the founder of what has come to be called the Third Viennese School of Psychotherapy.

Viktor Frankl, PC: Google

He had written 32 books that have been translated into 26 languages. Man’s Search for Meaning is a classic book with millions of copies sold.

About the Book

“He who has a why to live for can bear almost any how”. This quote from Nietzsche is mentioned several times in this book. The meaning is clear, one should know the “why” to live. That why comes when one knows the meaning and purpose of his life.

The great task for any person is to find meaning in his or her life, as stressed by the author in this book. The author describes poignantly the prisoners who gave up on life, who had lost all hope for a future and were inevitably the first to die. They died less from lack of food or medicine than from lack of hope, lack of something to live for. Author kept his hope alive, and that hope kept him alive.  

This book is an inside story of a concentration camp said by one of its survivors. The prisoners in concentration camp went through several atrocities and “one five-ounce piece of bread was their only food in four days”. The thought of suicide was entertained by nearly everyone, if only for a brief time. The readers might be surprised to know how prisoners committed suicides. They committed suicides through “run into the wire”. This was a phrase used in camp to describe the most popular method of suicide – touching the electrically barbed-wire fence. Ever wondered there can be most popular method of suicide? There was a time when prisoners did not fear death. Even gas chambers lost their horrors. The author had described these experiences of concentration camp.

The author had described the experiences in concentration camp in three phases, based on the inmate’s mental reactions to camp life. These three phases are: the period following admission, the period when he is well entrenched in camp routine, and the period following his release and liberation.  The last phase was only a dream till it happened. Hope was the force behind survival including the author. In one of the incidents, a prisoner was firm and hopeful that he will be free on 31^st March and he did become free but through death. The author had described this incident how and what kept him alive till 31^st March.

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The book had a very important incidents when prisoners started to have “apathy” feeling, the blunting of the emotions and the feelings that one could not care any more.  This made them insensitive to daily and hourly beatings. The author calls this “apathy” feeling a very necessary protective shell for survival as it became the necessary mechanism of self-defense.

The author had brilliantly explained the meaning and the role of sufferings in life. Life is incomplete without sufferings. According to author, suffering is similar to behaviour of gas, which can be understood by the below extract from the book

It is possible to practice art of living in a concentration camp, although suffering is omnipresent.To draw an analogy: a man’s suffering is similar to the behaviour of gas. If a certain quantity of gas is pumped into an empty chamber, it will fill the chamber completely and evenly, no matter how big the chamber. Thus suffering completely fills the human soul and conscious mind, no matter whether the suffering is great or little. Therefore the “size” of human suffering is absolutely relative.

Suffering is omnipresent and absolutely relative. It fills the human soul completely. If analysed and thought peacefully, it is true. The author had beautifully explained what is known as “provisional existence” which prisoners in concentration camp was having. Their existence was provisional as the sufferings had no end. A man who could not see the end of his “provisional existence” was not able to aim at an ultimate goal in life. This is the reason why a day in camp lasted longer than a week. The author sees such suffering in other way as such sufferings sometimes opens the gateway of opportunity to grow spiritually. This is the test of inner strength.

The author sees life in different perspective. What we expect from life does not matter, it matters what life expects from us. Life ultimately means taking the responsibility to find the right answer to its problems and to fulfil the tasks which it constantly sets for us. This is really inspirational way to look towards life as life is not “vague”. Human life, under any circumstances, never ceases to have a meaning, and that this infinite meaning of life includes sufferings and dying, privation and death.

The book has such kind of eye-opening extracts which has the power to change the mind the perspective towards life. There is a dedicated chapter on logotherapy as well wherein the author who itself had developed this technique, had explained this concept in simple and understandable manner. Logotherapy focusses on meaning of human existence. This meaning is unique and specific and must be fulfilled by him alone. Man needs “something” for the sake to live or else it will be a “provisional existence”.

This book is an inspirational read. The journey of survivor from holocaust and finding the meaning of life is well described in the book. There are many who have always complains towards life because of the sufferings and obstacles they face. This book is a must read for them.

Lastly, I would like to conclude the review post by sharing a sentence from the book itself which is self explanatory.

Suffering is an ineradicable part of life, even as fate and death. Without suffering and death, human life cannot be complete.

After reading the review post, share your views and what you think is the “meaning” of life, in general.

–Ashish Kumar